Answer to Question 1
A
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A Correct. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is defined as the backflow of urine from the bladder up the ureter to the kidney. VUR results then the ureterovesical/vesicoureteral junction fails to maintain a unidirectional flow of urine from the ureter to the bladder.
B Incorrect. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is not defined as the backflow of urine from the bladder up the ureter.
C Incorrect. A flow of urine between the bladder and the rectum would indicate the presence of a fistula and is not indicative of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
D Incorrect. An exchange of urine between the inner and outer layers of the bladder is not indicative of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Answer to Question 2
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A Correct. Have younger children practice using the bed wetting alarm system with a doll or stuffed animal to help them feel comfortable with the system.
B Incorrect. The nurse would advise a family to have the child practice using the alarm system with a doll or stuffed animal to assure to assure they are at ease with it, not to make sure the child can operate the system independently.
C Incorrect. The nurse would advise a family to have the child practice using the alarm system with a doll or stuffed animal to assure to assure they are at ease with it, not to ensure that the child won't throw the system out of the bed at night.
D Incorrect. The nurse would advise a family to have the child practice using the alarm system with a doll or stuffed animal to assure to assure they are at ease with it, not to perfect the child's technique in using the system.
The patient and his family meet with the nurse to discuss progress on the patient care plan.
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