Answer to Question 1
A
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A Correct. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is defined as the backflow of urine from the bladder up the ureter to the kidney. VUR results then the ureterovesical/vesicoureteral junction fails to maintain a unidirectional flow of urine from the ureter to the bladder.
B Incorrect. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is not defined as the backflow of urine from the bladder up the ureter.
C Incorrect. A flow of urine between the bladder and the rectum would indicate the presence of a fistula and is not indicative of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
D Incorrect. An exchange of urine between the inner and outer layers of the bladder is not indicative of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Answer to Question 2
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A Correct. Have younger children practice using the bed wetting alarm system with a doll or stuffed animal to help them feel comfortable with the system.
B Incorrect. The nurse would advise a family to have the child practice using the alarm system with a doll or stuffed animal to assure to assure they are at ease with it, not to make sure the child can operate the system independently.
C Incorrect. The nurse would advise a family to have the child practice using the alarm system with a doll or stuffed animal to assure to assure they are at ease with it, not to ensure that the child won't throw the system out of the bed at night.
D Incorrect. The nurse would advise a family to have the child practice using the alarm system with a doll or stuffed animal to assure to assure they are at ease with it, not to perfect the child's technique in using the system.
The nurse uses a noninvasive bladder ultrasound to measure the client’s bladder volume.
Child with disability
Helping maintain accurate patient records is a critical part of the medical assistant's work.
Observed Mother–Child Arguments at Five Time Points Over an Eight-Year Period
Cataracts seen in a child with congenital rubella syndrome.
Cretinism can result in a child born to a mother who was iodine deficient during early pregnancy