Answer to Question 1
A
The incidence of congenital heart disease is approximately 50 in children with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). A family history of congenital heart disease, not acquired heart disease, increases the risk of giving birth to a child with CHD. Infants born to mothers who are insulin dependent have an increased risk of CHD. Infants identified as having certain genetic defects, such as Turner's syndrome, have a higher incidence of CHD. A family history is not a risk factor.
Answer to Question 2
D
The assessment should begin with the least threatening interventionsthe history and inspection. Assessment progression includes inspection, auscultation, and palpation because each step includes more touching. Percussion of the chest is usually deferred. Palpation can be threatening to the child because it requires a significant amount of physical contact. For this reason it is not the initial step in a cardiac assessment. Auscultation requires touching the child and is not the initial step in a cardiac assessment.
Many mothers pump their breast milk so that fathers can be involved in infant feedings
Summation of Heart Sounds, Wide Splitting of S2
Heart Model
Heart Muscle
Blood flow through the heart.
Maternal age is the major risk factor for autosomal trisomies of all types. By age 42, about one in