Concerning central nervous system injuries to the infant during ...

[nmorano1]

Concerning central nervous system injuries to the infant during labor and birth, nurses should be aware that:
 
  1. intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) as a result of birth trauma is more likely to occur in the preterm low-birth-weight infant.
  2. subarachnoid hemorrhage (the most common form of ICH) occurs in term infants as a result of hypoxia.
  3. in many infants, signs of hemorrhage in the full-term infant are absent and diag-nosed only through laboratory tests.
  4. spinal cord injuries almost always result from forceps-assisted deliveries.

Question 2

Nurses should be aware of the differences experience can make in labor pain, including that:
 
  1. sensory pain for nulliparous women is often greater than for multiparous women during early labor.
  2. affective pain for nulliparous women is usually less than for multiparous women throughout the first stage of labor.
  3. women with a history of substance abuse experience more pain during labor.
  4. multiparous women have more fatigue from labor and so experience more pain.

[yeungji]

Answer to Question 1

3
1. Incorrect. ICH as a result of birth trauma is more likely to occur in the full-term, large infant.
2. Incorrect. Subarachnoid hemorrhage in term infants is a result of trauma; in preterms, a result of hypoxia.
3. Correct. Abnormalities in lumbar punctures, red blood cell counts, for instance, or visuals on CT scan might reveal a hemorrhage.
4. Incorrect. Spinal cord injuries are almost always from breech births; they are rare today because cesarean birth is often used for breech presentation.

Answer to Question 2

1
1. Correct. Sensory pain is greater for nulliparous women because their reproductive tract structures are less supple.
2. Incorrect. Affective pain is greater for nulliparous women during the first stage but de-creases for both nulliparous and multiparous during the second stage.
3. Incorrect. Women with a history of substance abuse experience the same amount of pain as those without.
4. Incorrect. Nulliparous women have longer labors and so experience more fatigue.

[nmorano1]

Thank you

[yeungji]

Happy to help you