Answer to Question 1
4
1. Incorrect. Blood pressure, of course, increases during contractions, but it still remains somewhat elevated in between.
2. Incorrect. The Valsalva maneuver is discouraged during the second stage of labor because of a number of unhealthy outcomes, including fetal hypoxia.
3. Incorrect. Pointing toes can cause leg cramps, as can the process of labor itself.
4. Correct. Additionally, physiologic anesthesia of perineal tissues, caused by pressure of the presenting part, decreases the perception of pain.
Answer to Question 2
4
1, 2, 3. Incorrect. Nasogastric and orogastric tubes are used in gavage feeding, providing breast milk or formula directly to an infant unable to nipple feed.
4. Correct. Nasogastric and orogastric tubes are used in gavage feeding, providing breast milk or formula directly to an infant unable to nipple feed.