A toddler with pneumonia is prescribed intravenous fluids and ...

[tiffannnnyyyyyy]

A toddler with pneumonia is prescribed intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Which type of intravenous fluid should the nurse expect to provide to this patient?
 
  A) 0.9 normal saline
  B) Dextrose 5 in 0.45 normal saline
  C) Dextrose 10 in 0.9 normal saline
  D) Dextrose 5 in 0.9 normal saline

Question 2

The nurse is explaining to parents that the preschooler's developmental task is focused on the development of initiative rather than guilt.
 
  Which of the following is a priority intervention the nurse might recommend for parents of preschoolers to stimulate initiative? A) Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem.
  B) Change the routine of the preschooler often to stimulate initiative.
  C) Do not set limits on the preschooler's behavior as this results in low self-esteem.
  D) As a parent, decide how and with whom the child will play.

[Bison]

Answer to Question 1

A
Feedback:
Intravenous fluid administered to children must be isotonic to prevent destruction of red blood cells or development of water intoxication. The use of isotonic fluid prevents fluid shifting from the bloodstream into interstitial tissue or fluid shifting from interstitial tissue into the bloodstream. A 0.9 normal saline is the IV fluid most commonly used in children because it is isotonic. Solutions containing 5 dextrose or 10 are hypertonic and could cause fluid shifting from interstitial tissue into the blood stream.

Answer to Question 2

A
Feedback:
The building of self-esteem continues throughout the preschool period. It is of particular importance during these years, as the preschooler's developmental task is focused on the development of initiative rather than guilt. A sense of guilt will contribute to low self-esteem, whereas a child who is rewarded for his or her initiative will have increased self-confidence. Routine and ritual continue to be important throughout the preschool years, as they help the child to develop a sense of time as well as provide the structure for the child to feel safe and secure. Also, consistent limits provide the preschooler with expectation and guidance. Giving children opportunities to decide how and with whom they want to play also helps them develop initiative.

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TYSM

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