Answer to Question 1
A
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Large-for-gestational age infants need to be carefully assessed for hypoglycemia in the early hours of life because large infants require large amounts of nutritional stores to sustain their weight. If the mother had diabetes that was poorly controlled, the infant would have had an increased blood glucose level in utero to match the mother's glucose level; this caused the infant to produce elevated levels of insulin. After birth, these increased insulin levels will continue for up to 24 hours of life, possibly causing rebound hypoglycemia. Frequent blood glucose monitoring in large-for-gestational-age infants is not done to determine insulin dosage, to explain the effects of maternal hyperglycemia on the baby, or to estimate the amount of calories to provide the infant through formula.
Answer to Question 2
D
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The effect of caffeine intake during pregnancy on fetal growth and development is still unclear. However, a recent study showed that moderate caffeine consumption (less than 300 mg per day) does not appear to be a major contributing factor in miscarriage or preterm birth. The relationship of caffeine to growth restriction remains undetermined. A final conclusion cannot be made at this time as to whether there is a correlation between high caffeine intake and miscarriage due to lack of sufficient studies. Birth defects have not been linked to caffeine consumption,
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