Which structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot? a. ...

[B]

Which structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot?
 
  a. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
  b. Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
  c. Aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy
  d. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 2

A clinical manifestation of the systemic venous congestion that can occur with congestive heart failure is:
 
  a. Tachypnea. c. Peripheral edema.
  b. Tachycardia. d. Pale, cool extremities.

[ebenov]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Tetralogy of Fallot has these four characteristics: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. There is pulmonic stenosis but not aortic stenosis in tetralogy of Fallot. Right ventricular hypertrophy, not left ventricular hypertrophy, is present in tetralogy of Fallot. There is a ventricular septal defect, not an atrial septal defect, and overriding aorta, not aortic hypertrophy, is present.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
Peripheral edema, especially periorbital edema, is a clinical manifestation of systemic venous congestion. Tachypnea is a manifestation of pulmonary congestion. Tachycardia and pale, cool extremities are clinical manifestations of impaired myocardial function.

[B]

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