Which assessment is least likely to be associated with a breech ...

[fagboi]

Which assessment is least likely to be associated with a breech presentation?
 
  a. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid
  b. Fetal heart tones heard at or above the maternal umbilicus
  c. Preterm labor and birth
  d. Post-term gestation

Question 2

A woman at 26 weeks of gestation is being assessed to determine whether she is experiencing preterm labor. What finding indicates that preterm labor is occurring?
 
  a. Estriol is not found in maternal saliva.
  b. Irregular, mild uterine contractions are occurring every 12 to 15 minutes.
  c. Fetal fibronectin is present in vaginal secretions.
  d. The cervix is effacing and dilated to 2 cm.

[leahchrapun]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Post-term gestation is not likely to be seen with a breech presentation. The presence of meconium in a breech presentation may result from pressure on the fetal wall as it traverses the birth canal. Fetal heart tones heard at the level of the umbilical level of the mother are a typical finding in a breech presentation because the fetal back would be located in the upper abdominal area. Breech presentations often occur in preterm births.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Cervical changes such as shortened endocervical length, effacement, and dilation are predictors of imminent preterm labor. Changes in the cervix accompanied by regular contractions indicate labor at any gestation. Estriol is a form of estrogen produced by the fetus that is present in plasma at 9 weeks of gestation. Levels of salivary estriol have been shown to increase before preterm birth. Irregular, mild contractions that do not cause cervical change are not considered a threat. The presence of fetal fibronectin in vaginal secretions between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation could predict preterm labor, but it has only a 20 to 40 positive predictive value. Of more importance are other physiologic clues of preterm labor such as cervical changes.

[fagboi]

Excellent

[daiying98]

Gracias!