Steven, 16 months old, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and ...

[Zoey63294]

Steven, 16 months old, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and scolds the stairs as if they caused him to fall. This is an example of which of the following?
 
  a. Animism
  b. Ritualism
  c. Irreversibility
  d. Delayed cognitive development

Question 2

Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?
 
  a. This is typical behavior because toddlers are aggressive.
  b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.
  c. Toddlers should know that sharing toys is expected of them.
  d. Toddlers should have the cognitive ability to know right from wrong.

[katara]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Animism is the attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects. By scolding the stairs, the toddler is attributing human characteristics to them. Ritualism is the need to maintain the sameness and reliability. It provides a sense of comfort to the toddler. Irreversibility is the inability to reverse or undo actions initiated physically. Steven is acting in an age-appropriate manner.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
Play develops from the solitary play of infancy to the parallel play of toddlers. The toddler plays alongside other children, not with them. This typical behavior of the toddler is not intentionally aggressive. Shared play is not within their cognitive development. Toddlers do not conceptualize shared play. Because the toddler cannot view the situation from the perspective of the other child, it is okay to take the toy. Therefore, no right or wrong is associated with taking a toy.

[Zoey63294]

TYSM

[billybob123]

Excellent