Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
The grayish white, cheeselike substance that normally covers the newborn's skin is the vernix caseosa. Miliaria are distended sweat glands that appear as minute vesicles. Meconium is the newborn's first stool. Amniotic fluid is produced in utero.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
Stroking the newborn's cheek along the side of the mouth causes the newborn to turn the head toward that side and begin to suck is a description of the rooting reflex, which usually disappears by ages 3 to 4 months but may persist for up to 12 months. The Perez reflex involves stroking the newborn's back when prone; the child flexes extremities, elevating head and pelvis. It disappears at ages 4 to 6 months. The newborn begins strong sucking movements in response to circumoral stimulation. The reflex persists throughout infancy, even without stimulation. Newborns force their tongues outward, when the tongue is touched or depressed. This reflex usually disappears by age 4 months.
