Answer to Question 1
ANS: B, E, F
Additional calcium and regular exercise are important to prevent osteoporosis, although bone density recovers after discontinuation of the drug. Contraceptive effects may last up to 1 year. The injections are given every 3 months, and the side effects are similar to those of subcutaneous implants (e.g., menstrual spotting, headache, weight gain). The injection sites should not be massaged to avoid altering absorption rate.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A, C, E
Coitus interruptus (withdrawal), postcoital douche, and breastfeeding are the least effective contraceptive measures. Coitus interruptus: fluid escaping from the penis before ejaculation contains sperm. In addition, sperm may be deposited on the skin near the vulva and still enter the vagina, resulting in pregnancy. Postcoital douche: sperm can reach the fallopian tube in a short time, and, once there, fertilization may occur and cannot be prevented by douching. Breastfeeding: prolactin inhibits ovulation, but prolactin levels decrease in 4 to 6 months and ovulation returns, even without return of menses. Tubal ligation and vasectomy are both surgical methods of birth control that are extremely effective.
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