Answer to Question 1
ANS: B, C, E
Risk factors for hematoma development include genital tract lacerations, episiotomies, operative vaginal deliveries, a difficult or prolonged second stage of labor, and nulliparity.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A, C, D, E
Multiple factors increase the risk of uterine atony, including trauma during birth from forceps or vacuum devices; uterine overdistention from multi-fetal gestation, hydramnios, or macrosomia; and the use of both oxytocin and magnesium sulfate. (Other risk factors can be found in Box 16-1.) A trial of labor after a prior cesarean birth is not a risk factor for uterine atony.