Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Learning is not likely to be effective if the patient has unmet basic human needs such as hunger, pain, a full bladder, or fear. The nurse should assess for those needs and meet them before continuing. Labeling a patient as uncooperative is counterproductive and judgmental and does nothing to enlist the patient's cooperation. Written information (if the patient is literate) is always a good idea, but doing nothing more than that will not improve the patient's learning when basic needs are unmet. Returning at a later time also does not meet the patient's needs.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
In the advocate role, the nurse should promote patient-/family-centered care and work to provide the patient with more control, power, and self-determination in the health-care setting. The nurse who arranges a family-physician conference to clarify treatment plans is advocating for the patient. Giving contact information for assistance agencies and working on political campaigns are also ways of demonstrating advocacy, but are too limited in scope to be the best answer. The nurse advocate must ensure he or she is speaking for the patient and the patient's desires, not inserting personal values and beliefs into the process.
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