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Many people have small pouches in their colons that bulge outward through weak spots. Each pouch is called a diverticulum. About 10% of Americans older than age 40 years have diverticulosis, which, when the pouches become infected or inflamed, is called diverticulitis. The main cause of diverticular disease is a low-fiber diet.
Serum cholesterol testing in adults is recommended every 1 to 5 years. People with diabetes and a family history of high cholesterol should be tested even more frequently.
Vaccines prevent between 2.5 and 4 million deaths every year.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.
Between 1999 and 2012, American adults with high total cholesterol decreased from 18.3% to 12.9%


