Answer to Question 1
a
Answer to Question 2
Secondary data are gathered and recorded by someone else prior to (and for purposes other than) the current project. The primary advantage is their availability. It's almost always faster and less expensive than acquiring primary data. Secondary data are essential in instances when data cannot be obtained using primary data collection procedures, such as obtaining information not accessible to a private firm (e.g., taxes paid). An inherent disadvantage is that they were not designed specifically to meet the researchers' need. The most common reasons for this are that the data are outdated, vary in definition of terms, use different units of measurement, and lack the information to verify the data's accuracy. Another disadvantage is that the user has no control over their reliability and validity. Research conducted by others may be biased to support the vested interest of the source.
Connell's experimental manipulation of species indicated the presence of competition.
The areas in which reading-associated increases in activity were observed in the fMRI study of ...
Social Capability and Economic Growth
The Economic Way of Thinking
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