Answer to Question 1
Two types of demand exist: (1) independent demand, which is the demand for the primary item, and (2) dependent demand, which is directly influenced by the demand for the independent item. For example, the demand for bicycles would be called independent. It is the demand for the primary, or finished, product and is directly created by the customer. The demand for bicycle tires would be called dependent, because the number of tires demanded is determined by the number of bicycles demanded. Most forecasting techniques focus on independent demand. For example, a bicycle manufacturer will forecast the demand for bicycles during a given period. Given that level of demand, the manufacturer knows that two tires will be required for each bicycle demanded. As such, there is no need for the bicycle manufacturer to forecast the demand for tires. From a different perspective, the tire manufacturer will need to forecast the demand for tires, because these are its independent demand items. However, the tire manufacturer will not need to forecast the demand for rims since each tire requires one rim. So, each organization in a particular supply chain will have different definitions for independent and dependent demand items. Forecasting, however, will still usually be done at the independent demand item level.
Answer to Question 2
A
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