Answer to Question 1
A
Answer to Question 2
Globalization was initially driven by countries (14001800) seeking materials and goods not available in their own land, but they also had imperialistic objectives of enhancing their economic and political power.
The second era of globalization (18002000) was driven by companies seeking goods and materials, labor, economies of scale, and markets. This era produced multinational companies with global reach and enormous economic market power. In the second phase of globalization, companies headquartered in developed countries like the United States, Western Europe, and Japan had an advantage in terms of infrastructure, educational systems, and capital markets. It has been suggested that the world was, figuratively speaking, tilted in favor of the developed countries. The economic advantage was such that the citizenry of the less-developed countries tended to migrate to the more developed countries, especially the United States. The well-educated and skillful immigrants added to the advantages enjoyed by the developed countries.
The third era of globalization is said to have begun around the year 2000 . The significant characteristic of this era is that it is being powered by individuals and smaller organizations in contrast to the countries of the first era and the large companies of the second era. The critical ingredients for this new era have been the technological advances, especially in information technology and communications, that have connected the four corners of the globe.. Thus, with the enabling of more broad-based participation in the global economy without some of the massive infrastructure previously required, the world has indeed become flat.
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