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More than 2,500 barbiturates have been synthesized. At the height of their popularity, about 50 were marketed for human use.
In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.
Cytomegalovirus affects nearly the same amount of newborns every year as Down syndrome.
Hippocrates noted that blood separates into four differently colored liquids when removed from the body and examined: a pure red liquid mixed with white liquid material with a yellow-colored froth at the top and a black substance that settles underneath; he named these the four humors (for blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile).
Cocaine was isolated in 1860 and first used as a local anesthetic in 1884. Its first clinical use was by Sigmund Freud to wean a patient from morphine addiction. The fictional character Sherlock Holmes was supposed to be addicted to cocaine by injection.