Answer to Question 1
A significance level is a critical probability associated with a statistical hypothesis test that indicates how likely it is that an inference supporting a difference between an observed value and some statistical expectation is true. The term p-value stands for probability-value and is essentially another name for an observed or computed significance level.
Answer to Question 2
The public relations toolbox includes corporate advertising, sponsorship/event marketing, corporate communications, and product placement.
Numeric Color-Coding Systems
How to choose the right payment plan with changing conditions (Question 2)
How to calculate monthly payments at varying amortization periods (Question 3)
How to integrate using inverse trigonometric substitution (Question 1)
My question is relating to impulse problems.
this is a math question