Under which conditions can researchers claim a causal inference? ...

[piesebel]

Under which conditions can researchers claim a causal inference?
 a. concomitant variation
  b. high level of correlation between variables
  c. time order of occurrence of variables
  d. elimination of other possible causal factors
  e. a, b, and c only
  f. a, c, and d only
 Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Question 2

The average deviation score is frequently used in business research studies.
 
 Indicate whether the statement is true or false

[Eunice618]

Answer to Question 1

F
Causal inferences require establishing concomitant variation, time order of occurrence of variables, and elimination of other causal factors. A high level of correlation between variables does not necessarily imply causation.

Answer to Question 2

F
It is never used. Positive deviation scores are canceled out by negative scores, leaving an average deviation value of zero no matter how wide the spread may be.

[piesebel]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[nothere]

Excellent