The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were created ...

[s.tung]

The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were created as a result of the
 a. Bretton Woods Agreement c. Asian economic meltdown
  b. Paris Accords d. World War I Reconstruction

Question 2

Why do firms engage in countertrade?
 a. Firms in developing countries are unable to secure bank loans.
  b. Governments sometimes mandate countertrade as a form of payment.
  c. Firms in developing countries lack access to hard currency.
  d. All of the above are true.

[bitingbit]

Answer to Question 1

A
The IMF and the World Bank were created at the UN Monetary and Financial Conference, as a result of the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944 to address the need of global economic development, stability, and rebuilding after the Second World War and the 1930's Great Depression. This may be found in the International Trade and Development Organizations section (3-3b).

Answer to Question 2

D
Firms in developing countries often lack access to hard currency. This also makes it difficult for them to secure bank loans. Governments often mandate countertrade as a form of payment in order strengthen infant industries, balance trade deficits, and stimulate the local economy.