Answer to Question 1
A
Answer to Question 2
A stock market crash is essentially a substantial decrease in the average price of stocks. Stocks are a part of real wealth. A stock market crash decreases the value of stocks which decreases real wealth. Real wealth is an important determinant of consumption spending. If real wealth declines, so does consumption spending. Therefore, a stock market crash will result in a decline in consumer expenditures. This will result in a decline in GDP. If the decrease in GDP is substantial enough, this can lead to a recession.