If a study gives only a posttest to a single group of ...

[james0929]

If a study gives only a posttest to a single group of participants, _____.
 
  a. we can be sure that the cause produced any effects that are observed
  b. we can generalize the results to those of a group that received only a pretest
  c. we can generalize the results to a similar group or to the entire population
  d. none of these

Question 2

One is able to determine cause and effect from observational studies.
 
  Indicate whether the statement is true or false

[jjorrostieta]

Answer to Question 1

D
Without a control group, we may not draw causal conclusions or generalize beyond the immediate observations.

Answer to Question 2

F