Answer to Question 1
a. Health insurance is a private good. It is non-rival in that it can be consumed only by one person. It is excludable in the sense that people can be prevented from using it if they don't pay for it.
b. Radio spectrum is considered a common pool resource. People cannot be prevented from accessing the radio spectrum and so it is nonexcludable. When too many users access radio the spectrum, this causes congestion, which reduces benefits for everyone. It is therefore rival in consumption.
c. A video on YouTube has the properties of a public good. Once it has been uploaded, any number of users can view the video without affecting others' consumption (and is therefore nonrival in consumption). The person who uploads the video cannot selectively deny access to certain people (it is nonexcludable).
d. A mosquito control program in a city is a public good. The residents of the city consume this service simultaneously (it is nonrival) and no one can be excluded from the benefits of the program (it is nonexcludable).
e. E-books are club goods. They are non-rival (my reading the book does not preclude your reading the book at the same time). The library could exclude people from reading the book by limiting the number of people who can borrow an e-book at any one time.
Answer to Question 2
A minimum wage is a price floor applied to the labor market. A minimum wage is a government imposed regulation that makes it illegal to charge (or pay) a wage rate lower than a specified level. If the minimum wage is set above the equilibrium wage, it creates a surplus of laborunemploymentan d decreases workers' and firms' surplus.
The Common Pochard, Aythya ferina, is a medium-sized diving duck.
Common Bluetail Damselfly
Pollen from a variety of common plants
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