Answer to Question 1
In a monarchy, a king or an emperor has the ultimate ruling power. He (or she, in the case of a queen or empress) chooses policies and decides whether to go to war and how much tax to impose on his subjects, though in practice many decisions are delegated to administrators and relatives. Althoughthe power of kings and emperors is not unlimited as they could be deposed, we normally think of their power as nearly absolute.
A dictatorship is the general name given to nondemocratic regimes ruled by a single person (a dictator) or a junta consisting of a small group of soldiers or rulers. Crucially, dictatorships do not hold elections to choose the key executives, and those in power are not replaced through elections. Policies in dictatorships are not responsive to the wishes of the citizens.
In a representative democracy, citizens vote for different candidates who, if elected, hold public office for a period of time and then make policy choices. At the end of their term, or sometimes even before, they can be voted out of office, for example, if the citizens are not satisfied with their performance or a better candidate presents himself or herself.
A-head: CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND POLITICAL ECONOMY
Concept: Political regimes
Answer to Question 2
The statement is not always true. Traveling by bus is often much slower than traveling by car. This is more likely to be true if the bus does not take the shortest or fastest route. A bus, for example, might not travel on a highway so that it can make more stops to allow more passengers to get on and get off. If the value of the extra time it takes to travel by bus is greater than the difference between the cost of the gas and the bus ticket, then it is cheaper to travel by car. For example, suppose it would take 30 minutes to travel by car, one hour to travel by bus, people value their time at 10 per hour, the cost of a bus ticket is 1, and the cost of gas is 4 . Then the total cost of traveling by car would be (1/2 x 10) + 4 = 9 and the cost of traveling by bus would be 10 + 1 = 11 .