Answer to Question 1
Fiscal policy affects aggregate demand through government expenditure, transfer payments and taxes. Because government purchases are a component of total spending, a change in government expenditure directly changes aggregate demand. A change in transfer payments changes disposable income which, in turn, changes consumption expenditure and aggregate demand. Finally, taxes alter disposable income and thus impact consumption expenditure and aggregate demand.
Answer to Question 2
The Federal Reserve can intervene in the foreign exchange market by (temporarily) selling or buying dollars. If the Fed sells dollars, it drives the exchange rate lower and if the Fed buys dollars, it drives the exchange rate higher. The Fed cannot buy dollars forever because it will run out of the foreign exchange it using to buy the dollars. And, the Fed likely will not want to sell dollars forever because it would accumulate ever increasing amounts of foreign exchange.
Environmental policy
Growth in the demand for oil from the developing world
The demand for oil can be reduced significantly with the introduction of new higher vehicle mileage
Muscle Tissue Components
The Type of Blood Vessel Injury Often Affects the Nature of the Hemorrhage
Components of the lymphatic system