Answer to Question 1
The slope of a straight line is calculated between two points on the line. Between the two points on the line, the slope equals the change in the value of the variable measured on the vertical axis (the y-axis) divided by the change in the value of the variable measured on the horizontal axis (the x-axis). The slope of a curved line calculated at a point on the curve is equal to the slope of a tangent straight line. At that point on the curved line, draw a straight line that touches the curved line at only that point. Then, calculate the slope of the straight line. The slope of the curved line at that point equals the slope of the straight line.
Answer to Question 2
In an ultimatum game, the first player or the proposer is asked to offer a percentage of money to the second player or responder. The responder can accept or reject the offer. If he accepts the offer, the money will get split in the decided proportion, but if the responder rejects the offer, neither of them will get anything. The proposer usually makes the lowest possible offer to the responder, thinking that the responder will accept the offer because some money is better than no money. However, if the responder values fairness to money, he will reject the proposer's offer, asking for an equal share.
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