Answer to Question 1
1. Quotas discourage lower-cost imported goods in favor of higher-cost domestic goods and therefore raise prices to consumers. Some of these consumers get priced out of the market and instead by goods they do not like as well.
2. Quotas encourage producers to enter or stay in protected industries, where productive resources would be better used in other industries.
3. Because exports pay for imports, quotas that discourage imports will also reduce exports, damaging the producers of those exports. Also, quotas might encourage retaliation by foreign countries, further damaging domestic exporters.
Answer to Question 2
B