Answer to Question 1
In this case, the United States makes a two billion dollars capital transfer to Argentina, which should appear as a negative two billions entry in the capital account. The associated credit is in the financial account, in the form of a two billion dollars reduction in U.S. assets held abroad, i.e., a net asset export, and therefore a positive balance of payments entry.
Answer to Question 2
Risk aversion is a characteristic of a person that dislikes risk. An example of this is someone who takes out rental or home insurance to reduce the risk of some kind of catastrophe from happening.