Answer to Question 1
The vicious cycle is presented in the chapter. Key points include low productivity, low savings, and low investment, perpetuating low productivity. Escaping the cycle may be approached through infusions of capital or new ideas of production and social interaction.
Answer to Question 2
Focus on issues such as structural change, inequality, and political institutions. At this point, students may think of population and human capital as well, although material in Chapter 3 will show how these have been incorporated into growth models.