Kamin's work on classical conditioning has demonstrated
a. that an unconditioned stimulus (US) and a conditioned stimulus (CS) must only occur together often in order for a conditioned response to the CS to occur.
b. that the CS must predict the US reliably in order for conditioning to occur.
c. that the CS must follow the US reliably in order for conditioning to occur.
d. that the US must precede the CS repeatedly in order for conditioning to occur.
Question 2
A researcher conducts a two-factor study to evaluate the effect of a medication for males and for females. If the results of the study show a 10-point main effect for the medication (participants taking the medicine average 10 points lower than those in the no-medication condition) and also show a significant interaction between medication and gender, then what can the researcher conclude about the effect of the medication?
a. The medication lowers scores by around 10 points and the effect is the same for males and females.
b. Although the average effect of the medication is to lower scores by 10 points, the exact effect depends on the gender of the participant.
c. Because there is an interaction, you cannot conclude that the medication has any effect.
d. Additional information is needed to come to a conclusion.
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Conditioning Example