In an experiment, a confounding variable is a(n) ____.
a. example of the third-variable problem
b. example of the directionality problem
c. limitation on the ability to manipulate the independent variable
d. threat to internal validity
Question 2
The spread of the averages around the average of averages in a sampling distribution is called the ____.
a. standard deviation
b. variance
c. standard error
d. sampling error