In New York State, the winter months produce higher heating bills and higher levels of depression. Although the numbers show that higher heating bills are related to higher levels of depression, what is the most likely explanation for this relationship?
a. cause and effect
b. the directionality problem
c. the third-variable problem
d. the extraneous variable problem
Question 2
When sampling is done to find certain types of people, such as people who have been married for at least two years, the sample is most likely a(n) ____ sample.
a. quota
b. purposive
c. modal instance
d. expert
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Sample hypnograms of an infant at ages 3, 12, and 24 months