Answer to Question 1
The three criteria are: systematic empiricism; public verification; and solvable problems.
Systematic empiricism involves making observations in a systematic manner in order to test hypotheses and refute or develop a theory. Public verification involves presenting research to the public so that it can be observed, replicated, criticized, and tested. Lastly, using solvable problems means that scientists study only questions that are potentially answerable by means of currently available research techniques.
Answer to Question 2
A hypothesis is a prediction regarding the outcome of a study. Often, this prediction concerns the relationship between two variables. We may find that our hypothesis is not supported, and thus we have to reevaluate our position. On the other hand, our observations may support the hypothesis being tested. The goal of testing hypotheses is to arrive at or test a theoryan organized system of assumptions and principles that attempts to explain certain phenomena and how they are related.
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