In general, it has been found that, on ability tests a) ...

[Beheh]

In general, it has been found that, on ability tests
 
  a) children from a middle-class background score higher than children from a lower-class background
  b) whites score lower than minorities
   c) males usually score higher than females
   d) all of the above

Question 2

Conclusions about whether or not there are true differences between groups in
   cognitive ability seem to indicate
 
  a) test bias alone does not explain differences in test scores
   b) there are some real differences in cognitive ability
   c) differences in cognitive ability are neither fixed nor permanent
  d) all of the above

[Chou]

Answer to Question 1

A

Answer to Question 2

D

[Beheh]

TYSM

[alvinum]

Excellent