Author Question: According to Robert Michels, oligarchy often develops in bureaucracies: a. if there are no ... (Read 93 times)

Brittanyd9008 · **on:** Jul 1, 2018

According to Robert Michels, oligarchy often develops in bureaucracies:

a. if there are no reference groups.
b. when there are too many people to permit group decision making.
c. when leadership is too authoritarian.
d. if leaders are not selected from the appropriate class backgrounds.
e. when the level of creativity among members is too limited for democracy.

Question 2

When constructionists study the process by which a group or behavior is defined as a problem to society, they focus on

a. the valued goals and the means to achieve those goals.
b. the rule breaker, rule maker, and rule enforcers.
c. responses to structural strain.
d. who makes the claims, whose claims are heard, and how audiences respond.