Answer to Question 1
People engaging in collective behavior may be divided into crowds and masses. A
crowd is a relatively large number of people who are in one another's immediate
vicinity. Examples of crowds include the audience in a movie theater or people at a pep
rally for a sporting event. By contrast, a mass is a number of people who share an
interest in a specific idea or issue but who are not in one another's immediate vicinity.
An example is Facebook, on which people interact and share interests while being
separated geographically.
Answer to Question 2
Collective behavior is voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large
number of people and typically violates dominant-group norms and values. Unlike
organizational behavior found in corporations and voluntary associations, collective
behavior lacks an official division of labor, hierarchy of authority, and established rules
and procedures. Unlike institutional behavior, collective behavior lacks institutional
norms to govern behavior. Collective behavior can take various forms, including
crowds, mobs, riots, panics, fads, fashions, and public opinion.
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Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 13th Edition