Answer to Question 1
Sexism directed at women has three components: (1) negative attitudes toward women; (2) stereotypical beliefs that reinforce, complement, or justify the prejudice and (3) discriminationacts that exclude, distance, or keep women separate. Although women are more often the target of sexist remarks and practices, men can be victims of sexist assumptions. Sexism is used to justify discriminatory treatment. When women participate in what is considered gender-inappropriate endeavors in the workplace, at home, or in leisure activities, they often find that they are the targets of prejudice and discrimination. Obvious manifestations of sexism are found in the undervaluing of women's work and in hiring and promotion practices that effectively exclude women from an organization or confine them to the bottom of the organizational hierarchy. Sexism is interwoven with patriarchya hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men. By contrast, matriarchy is a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by women. Patriarchy is reflected in the way men may think of their position as men as a given, whereas women may deliberate on what their position in society should be.
Gender inequality and a division of labor based on male dominance are nearly universal.
Answer to Question 2
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