Answer to Question 1
Cultural capital refers to social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and
competencies in language and culture. Cultural capital involves proper attitudes
toward education, socially approved dress and manners, and knowledge about books,
art, music, and other forms of high and popular culture. Middle- and upper-income
parents endow their children with more cultural capital than do working-class and
poverty-level parents. Because cultural capital is essential for acquiring an education,
children with less cultural capital have fewer opportunities to succeed in school. For
example, standardized tests that are used to group students by ability and to assign
them to classes often measure students' cultural capital rather than their natural
intelligence or aptitude. Thus, a circular effect occurs: students with dominant cultural
values are more highly rewarded by the educational system, and the educational
system teaches and reinforces those values that sustain the elite's position in society.
Answer to Question 2
a
Early-maturing boys tend to be advantaged because they often fit cultural ideals of masculinity.
In a typical proteomic analysis, cells are exposed to different conditions
Test-cross analysis of F1 plants
GENETIC ANALYSIS
Allelic phase analysis in human families A and B
Use of reporter gene in promoter analysis of the even-skipped (eve) gene