Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
Virtually all forms of marriage establish a system of descent so that kinship can be determined and inheritance rights established. In preindustrial societies, kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally). The most common pattern of unilineal descent is patrilineal descenta system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family. Patrilineal systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death. In nations such as India, where boys are seen as permanent patrilineal family members, girls are seen as only temporary family members, girls tend to considered more expendable than boys. Even when the less common pattern of matrilineal descenta system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the familywomen may not control property. By contrast, kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally). The most common form is bilateral descenta system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family. This pattern is used in the United States for the purpose of determining kinship and inheritance rights; however, children typically take the father's last name.
Spotted hyena cubs in Limpopo, South Africa. Note the well defined spots, which will fade with age
Joseph Moore and His Family (1839), by Erastus Salisbury Field, reflects the emerging middle-class f
Economic activity as viewed by environment and ecological economists
The Economic Way of Thinking
economic question
economic question