Author Question: What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a ... (Read 177 times)

Cooldude101 · **on:** Jul 2, 2018

What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?

a. A deviant ritual
b. A degradation ceremony
c. A secondary identity
d. Stigma

Question 2

The concept retrospective labeling refers to the process of ________

a. interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance.
b. defining someone as deviant for things done long before.
c. criminal adults encouraging their children to become deviant.
d. predicting someone's future based on past deviant acts.