Answer to Question 1
Theory and research are interdependent. Sociologists use theory to interpret their research. This use of theory helps generate research, as every hypothesis needs to be tested. Research also helps to generate theory, as a theory may need to be modified if the research findings do not fit the theory.
Answer to Question 2
To compete in the capitalist global market successfully, Japanese corporations have found that management by consensus is not always practical or effective. Sony's founder, Akio Morita, made his own quick decisions. Japanese corporations such as Toyota and Honda now give bonuses to managers who meet their goals, and other corporations now lay off workers. Two companies, Mazda and Nissan, are now managed by foreign investors.
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