Answer to Question 1
First, some visa categories do not provide visas for the children of new LPRs. Second, new LPRs who can bring their minor children as accompanying children may not have the financial resources necessary for bringing all of them. Third, by the time a numerically limited visa becomes available, the children may have lost eligibility for visas as accompanying family members, either because they married or because they age out. Additional questions that merit further study concern the effects of household structure and of the larger social environment on children of immigrants. These reflect views that children may suffer greatly if one or more family members is unauthorized either via mechanisms of compassion or because the family's coping strategies may significantly curtail opportunities for the nonunauthorized child. Other questions pertain to the possibly beneficial effects of native step-siblings and half-siblings. Finally, discriminatory tendencies in the larger social environment may negatively affect the child's development, either directly or by limiting parents' ability to invest in their children and nurture their cognitive and noncognitive skills. Of course, there will always be children who rise above all adversity, and indeed, use it as a force for good. But their numbers may not be large.
Answer to Question 2
People from Mexico are more likely to go to the United States than to Europe not only because there are higher wages in the United States but also because the two countries share a nearly 2,000-mile land border and a long history, with their peoples and economies connected to each other in very strong ways. Mexico and the United States are strong trade partners, too. The United States is Mexico's largest trading partner, buying more than 77percent of Mexican exports in 2012, and Mexico is the third largest buyer of U.S. exports. The United States has many companies based in Mexico and a high degree of investment there. Thus, people in each country have many business or professional colleagues, friends, and family members in the other country.
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Thyroid scan. The right image is the data from a thyroid scan, printed on a superimposed map of the
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PCR screens of Navajo affected with albinism (N4 and N5) and the parents of N4 (N2 and N3)