Answer to Question 1
Two major problems facing the U.S. education system are mediocrity and violence. Mediocrity results in falling standards, functional illiteracy, and social promotion. Social promotion is the practice of passing students from one grade to the next even though they have not mastered the basic materials. The consequence is functional illiteracy. Some people have difficulty reading and writing even after graduating from high school. The consequences for the individual are significant. Some high school graduates cannot fill out job applications; others cannot figure out how to make change or whether they receive the right change at the store. Although school violence, specifically school deaths, is not on the rise as the media suggests, it is still a major concern to parents and educators. School violence includes aggravated assault, rape, robbery, and other acts of violence that do not necessarily result in death. Children are sent to school to be educated and it is assumed the school authorities will not only nurture them but protect them. Even students not directly involved in school violence are traumatized by it and suffer the inconvenience of the measures schools take to reduce it such as metal detectors, locker searches, and police inspections.
Answer to Question 2
Migration is the movement of people from one area to another. Migration can occur when people move from one region to another in the same country or between nations. People leaving their native country are referred to as emigrants and as they enter the new country they become immigrants. Migration is based on the push factors of the native country and the pull factors of the new country. Push factors include war, disease, pestilence, a lack of opportunity, persecution, and any other factor that negatively impacts the quality of life. Pull factors include opportunity, freedom, participation in government, and the promise of a better life. The United States has the highest pull factors and lowest number of push factors of all world nations.
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The main avenue to the upward social mobility reviewed in the text has been higher education.
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