Answer to Question 1
Kohlberg was influenced by Jean Piaget's model of moral development. His stages included the following:
(1 ) the amoral stage: a child focuses on immediate gratification and has little or no concern for others and no sense of right and wrong, just personal needs to be satisfied;
(2 ) the preconventional stage: the child learns and follows rules but does so only to stay out of trouble, and the concern for what is right or wrong is to avoid punishment;
(3 ) the conventional stage: morality means following norms and values that have been learned;
(4 ) the postconventional stage: Kohlberg said that most people do not reach this stage, but those who do reflect on abstract principles of right and wrong and judge a behavior according to these principles.
Answer to Question 2
Secondary groups allow societies to get important things done, such as educating the masses, making a living, acquiring needed possessions, and engaging in leisure activities.
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