Answer to Question 1
R. T. Schaefer summarizes five strengths identified by the National Urban League that allow African American families to function effectively in a racist society. They are as follows:
Strong kinship bonds: Blacks are more likely than Whites to care for children and older persons in an extended family network.
A strong work orientation: Poor Blacks are more likely to be working, and poor Black families often include more than one wage earner.
Adaptability of family roles: In two-parent families, the egalitarian pattern of decision making is the most common. The self-reliance of Black women who are the primary wage earners best illustrates this adaptability.
Strong achievement orientation: Working-class Blacks indicate a greater desire for their children to attend college than working-class Whites. A majority of low-income African Americans want to attend college.
A strong religious orientation: Since the time of slavery, Black churches have been the impetus behind many significant grassroots organizations.
Answer to Question 2
D
The endangered West African giraffe
Extinct North American Megafauna
Several species of squirrels have melanistic phases. In large parts of United States and Canada, the
American Government: Roots and Reform, 2009 Edition