Which of the following is NOT a part of Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association?
a. Criminality is learned chiefly within small, intimate groups.
b. The exposure to criminal and noncriminal patterns varies in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.
c. A person learns favorable and unfavorable definitions of legal codes.
d. A person gains a master-status as deviant or criminal and this affects his or her self-concept.
e. A person learns techniques for committing crimes and the specific direction of motives and drives.
Question 2
Sociologists opposed to reinstitutionalizat ion have made all of the following arguments AGAINST reinstitutionalizat ion EXCEPT ________.
a. that it would herald the return to the era of the snake pit and grim, underfunded, understaffed orphanages
b. that reinstitutionalizat ion threatens ideals of community care, patients' rights
c. that mainstreaming of people with mental disabilities, or histories of neglect may be threatened
d. that it amounts to warehousing of troubled and neglected members of society, which is why many mental hospitals and orphanages were shut down
e. that reinstitutionalizat ion would not alleviate the suffering of mentally ill homeless people who live on the streets
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