Answer to Question 1
Structural-functional theory begins pointing to the importance of sexuality for human reproduction. Society must control sexualitywho reproduces with whomto maintain social order.
Symbolic-interaction theory explains that, like all social patterns, sexuality involves meanings that people attach to their behavior. Patterns of sexuality and the way people understand them vary from place to place and over time. Sexual roles are learned over time.
Social-conflict theories focus on how sexuality is linked to social inequality. Both feminist theory and queer theory are efforts to make society more equal with regard to gender and sexual orientation.
Answer to Question 2
1960 saw the introduction of the birth control pill.
Greater sexual freedom also meant moving away from the traditional double standard where men had much more sexual freedom than women. Many feminists placed attitudes about sexuality at the heart of male domination.
By the 1970s, a conservative sexual counterrevolution was under way calling for a return to traditional family values.
Rates of infection of most STDsincluding gonorrhea, syphilis, and genital herpesbegan to rise during the sexual revolution of the 1960s. By the 1980s, the increasing danger of STDs played a part in encouraging the sexual counterrevolution, described earlier in this chapter.
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