Answer to Question 1
Conservatives believe (a) social standing is a matter of personal responsibility; (b) people can escape poverty by taking advantage of the opportunities U.S. society offers; (c) government social welfare programs often make the poverty problem worse by fostering dependency.
Liberals believe (a) poverty is a societal problem, stemming mostly from a lack of good jobs; (b) poverty is a societal responsibility; (c) government social programs should benefit the needy.
Radical left believes (a) poverty is caused by normal operation of capitalist economy; (b) solving the poverty problem requires fundamental change to the economy so production meets social needs rather than increasing private profits.
Answer to Question 2
The age category at greatest risk of poverty is children, who make up 35 percent of the U.S. poor. In 2012, 16.1 million (22 percent) of people under eighteen were living in poor households.
African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans are at higher risk of being poor than whites. While more white people than black people and Hispanic people are poor, the percentage of minority people who are poor is higher than that of whites. In 2012, 27.2 percent of African Americans (10.9 million people), 25.6 percent of Hispanics (13.6 million people), and 11.7 percent of Asian Americans (1.9 million people) were poor, compared to 9.7 percent of non-Hispanic whites (18.9 million people).
Fifty-seven percent of all U.S. adults who are poor are women, and 43 percent are men. The feminization of poverty refers to the trend of women making up an increasing percentage of the poor.