Answer to Question 1
One option to reducing proliferation of nuclear weapons would be to extend the U.S. or Russian nuclear umbrella over some countries that might be tempted to develop their own. If their security needs were satisfied, then a major motivation for developing weapons would be eliminated. A second option might be to encourage the development of regional agreements that prohibit the development of effective delivery systems, such as intermediate-range ballistic missiles that are hard to defend against. A third option would be to encourage open debate about the development of nuclear weapons, especially on how costly they are to develop.
Answer to Question 2
For efforts at world government to be effective, there must be a body of international law that is accepted and adhered to by all nations. There must also be some means of enforcing that law. To this point, nations have been unwilling to surrender their sovereignty and their right to use force to any international body. So the mechanism for some form of world government is in place, but the nations have not yet agreed to use it fully.
Nuclear pores
Reduced Tillage
France has produced most of its energy from nuclear power since the oil crisis of the 1970s
Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned by nuclear transfer from a somatic cell
The nucleus is bounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope
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